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Welcome to “The Refungium”

An ambitious and innovative eco-restoration project that aims to be not just a nature reserve, but a thriving refuge for the often-overlooked world of fungi.

By integrating five core objectives this project will help weave a greater diversity of hyphal life into woodlands, create a haven for regional fungal species, while empowering a wider community of interest with knowledge, and kindle a deeper connection between community development and the natural world. Join us on this transformative foray into the world of fungi as we work towards rejuvenating ecosystems, enhancing biodiversity, and cultivating a future where the flourishing of fungi reflects the vitality and resilience of our community and bioregion.

Objective 1: Understanding, Documenting and Enjoyment of Fungal Diversity

Fungi, often unseen and overlooked, play an integral role in the intricate web of life. But as we look closer and begin to unravel their extraordinary diversity we can begin to comprehend their ecological significance, from nutrient cycling to symbiotic relationships. Documenting these myriad forms contributes to the collective knowledge that informs conservation efforts, ensuring the preservation of these often neglected organisms. Beyond their scientific importance, the enjoyment of fungal diversity fosters a profound connection with nature, opening doors to awe and wonder. As we engage with fungi and nurture this understanding, documenting their forms, and appreciating their beauty, we embrace a richer, more holistic reverence for our planet’s biodiversity.

The identification and recording of species for the Coed Talylan Fungarium provides a focal point for offering training in field recording as well as collating the data needed for our baseline habitat species surveying within our Biodiversity Action Plan.

1. Supported training in the sustainable collection of specimens, for recording and documenting fungal diversity:

Our aim is to empower enthusiasts and budding mycologists with the knowledge and skills to responsibly gather fungal specimens for the purpose of recording and documenting their diverse forms. Through workshops, guided forays, and hands-on training sessions, participants will learn about ethical collection practices that prioritise the preservation of fungal habitats and ecosystems. By instilling a sense of stewardship and respect for nature, we ensure that the process of specimen collection contributes positively to the larger goal of fungal conservation and biodiversity documentation. This initiative not only enhances participants’ connection with the natural world but also enriches the collective knowledge about the intricate world of fungi for generations to come.

2. Fungus distribution data to be accessible and regularly updated through a Refungium mapping tool.

To enhance the understanding, documentation, and enjoyment of fungal diversity, we are committed to making fungus distribution data easily accessible to enthusiasts, researchers, and the wider public. Central to this effort is the development and maintenance of a “Refungium” mapping tool. This online presentation of the fungarium will serve as a comprehensive repository of up-to-date fungal distribution information, mapping the diversity of fungal life across the woodland. Regular updates, sourced from ongoing surveys, will ensure that the “Refungium” remains a reliable and informative resource. By democratising access to this data, we empower individuals to explore, learn, and contribute to the collective understanding of fungal diversity, fostering a deeper connection to the natural world and its intricate beauty.

3. Identify and report on regional species for translocation to the Refungium

The task of conserving and restoring fungal diversity involves the identification and reporting of regional species of mushrooms for potential translocation to a Refungium. Through field surveys and close collaboration with mycologists, we will pinpoint native mushroom species that are at risk due to habitat loss or environmental changes. These findings will be documented and reported, serving as a foundation for informed decision-making regarding translocation efforts. By strategically selecting species that play vital roles in their ecosystems, we ensure that the Refungium becomes a sanctuary for preserving genetic diversity and enhancing biological interactions. Through partnerships with local public and private woodland we will report and record locations of species found to evaluate any appropriateness for translocation.

4. Educate and encourage practices in sustainable harvesting of wild edible and medicinal mushrooms.

As we delve into the captivating world of fungal diversity, we recognise the importance of responsible interaction with these  organisms. Through workshops, field guides, and community engagement, we will impart knowledge about proper identification, ethical harvesting techniques, and the significance of preserving mushroom habitats. By promoting a deep respect for ecosystems and the delicate balance within them, we empower individuals to enjoy the bounties of nature while ensuring the well-being of fungal populations and the environments they inhabit. Through these endeavours, we harmonise our enjoyment of nature with our commitment to conservation, fostering a future where our actions sustain the beauty and richness of fungal diversity in the future.

Objective 2: Conserving and restoring fungal diversity

The main objective of our Biodiversity Action Plan is of course the restoration and conservation of fungal diversity. In designing and carrying out this objective we are grateful for work carried out by Jenni Norden et al in the 2020 paper “Ten principles for conservation translocations of threatened wood inhabiting fungi”. This study outlines important questions and challenges when considering the introduction of a species of fungi to a new habitat.

1. Appropriately targeted ecological research to be undertaken to identify the ecological requirements of regional fungi and the land management practices that would provide these conditions.

By focusing on regional fungi, researchers can identify the specific ecological requirements and the conditions that support their growth and survival. This research involves studying fungal interactions with other organisms, preferred habitats, nutrient sources, and climate considerations. Furthermore, understanding the relationship between land management practices and fungal habitats is crucial. Through field studies and experimentation, researchers can ascertain how practices such as controlled burning, sustainable logging, and reforestation impact fungal communities. The insights gained from this research enable land managers and policymakers to implement practices that create and maintain suitable conditions for regional fungi, ultimately contributing to the preservation and restoration of fungal diversity within their natural ecosystems.

2. Existing areas of fungal diversity to be conserved and managed appropriately

Existing areas of fungal diversity serve as vital reservoirs of fungal species, playing critical roles in nutrient cycling, symbiotic relationships, and overall ecosystem health. Proper management entails understanding the unique ecological requirements of these fungal communities and implementing conservation strategies that safeguard their habitats. This involves protecting natural habitats from habitat destruction, pollution, and invasive species that can disrupt fungal ecosystems. Collaboration between researchers, conservationists, land managers, and local communities is essential to ensure the sustainable management of these areas. By prioritising the conservation of existing fungal diversity, we not only preserve the intrinsic value of these ecosystems but also support the myriad ecological services that fungi provide to the broader environment.

3. Conservation and restoration actions to be initiated for species of fungi through a Species Action Plan

The Species Action Plan outlines targeted strategies for the protection and revival of specific fungal species facing threats. It will provide a roadmap for preserving and revitalising endangered fungal populations present at or near Coed Talylan. The plan is a dynamic tool that adapt to new information and changing circumstances, ensuring that efforts to conserve and restore fungal diversity remain effective and responsive. By focusing on individual species, these plans contribute to the larger goal of safeguarding the ecosystem as a whole and the invaluable roles that fungi play within them.

4. Threats posed by non-native fungus species in the UK to be assessed and action taken to limit risk

Rigorous assessment methods will be employed to identify and understand the potential impacts of these invasive species on non-native fungal communities and their ecosystems. Through comprehensive risk assessments, experts will determine the likelihood of establishment, spread, and potential ecological disruptions caused by non-native fungi. Based on these assessments, strategic action plans will be devised to limit the risk and prevent further proliferation of invasive species. Swift and targeted measures will include measures such as early detection, public awareness campaigns, regulatory controls on imports, and swift management and eradication efforts where necessary. By addressing the threats posed by non-native fungi, the UK can safeguard its native fungal diversity, prevent ecosystem imbalances, and ensure the continued vitality of its natural landscapes.

Objective 3: Building capacity for the conservation and restoration of fungal diversity

Coed Talylan has a mushroom laboratory that has already been used to provide an introduction to mushroom cultivation for over 200 people during the last 7 years. We are gradually renovating and redesigning the infrastructure and equipment in the lab to expand the possible output of this resource beyond the focus of mushroom cultivation towards the application of mycology in other fields. Furthermore, the requirements of monitoring and evaluation of our Biodiversity Action Plan will provide work and research opportunities for trainee ecologists and mycologists.

1. Creation of a bioregional laboratory to support fungus conservation and restoration

To strengthen the capacity for the conservation and restoration of fungal diversity, we are committed to establishing a bioregional laboratory that serves as a nucleus for knowledge and innovation. This laboratory will act as a hub for mycologists, researchers, and conservationists to collaborate, exchange insights, and conduct comprehensive studies on local fungal ecosystems. The laboratory will enable in-depth analyses of fungal species, their interactions, and ecological needs. Through advanced DNA sequencing, spore analysis, and habitat modeling, we aim to present and detailed picture the intricate web of fungal diversity. The laboratory’s findings will inform targeted conservation strategies and restoration initiatives, ensuring that our efforts align with the specific requirements of regional fungal communities. By fostering a culture of interdisciplinary collaboration and research excellence, the bioregional laboratory will become a cornerstone in building a more resilient and biodiverse future for fungal ecosystems.

2. Encourage more professional training and development of mycological expertise to ensure that there is sufficient capacity for the future

By encouraging individuals to specialise in mycology and providing accessible avenues for education and skill enhancement, we can ensure a robust workforce dedicated to understanding and preserving fungal ecosystems. This involves establishing mycology programs within academic institutions, organising workshops, seminars, and field training sessions, and collaborating with seasoned mycologists to mentor emerging talents. By nurturing a cadre of experts, we fortify our ability to conduct accurate fungal assessments, implement effective restoration techniques, and educate the public about the importance of fungal conservation. This investment in expertise is important for the future for fungal diversity conservation efforts.

3. Facilitating research opportunities

To build capacity for the conservation and restoration of fungal diversity, it is imperative to facilitate increased research opportunities. By fostering collaborations between academic institutions, research organizations, and conservation initiatives, we can create platforms for scientists and researchers to delve deeper into understanding of fungal ecosystems. Providing funding, resources, and access to fieldwork enables comprehensive studies on fungal species, their interactions, and the ecological factors affecting their populations. Furthermore, educational programs, workshops, and internships can empower emerging scientists to specialize in mycology, cultivating a new generation of experts dedicated to fungal conservation. Through these collective efforts, we enhance our knowledge of fungal diversity, the challenges it faces, and the strategies to mitigate its decline, thus building a stronger foundation for effective conservation and restoration.

Objective 4: Promoting education and awareness about fungal diversity, restoration and conservation

The project will create an ongoing narrative that can draw together themes relating to practical action we can take to face the challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss. We will share the learning and knowledge of the benefits and difficulties of the project through social media and network of relevant bodies and organisations.

1. Increase awareness of fungal conservation and the environmental impacts that threaten fungal diversity

Increasing awareness of fungal conservation and the environmental impacts that threaten fungal diversity is crucial in fostering a deeper understanding of the intricate roles fungi play in our ecosystems. Fungi contribute to nutrient cycling, plant health, and ecosystem stability. By highlighting the vulnerability of fungal populations to habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change, we can inspire individuals, communities, and policymakers to take action in preserving these fundamental components of our natural world.

2. Develop education and awareness raising initiatives with the various fungus groups, and relevant statutory organisations, charities and voluntary societies.

To effectively promote education and awareness about fungal diversity, restoration, and conservation, it’s essential to forge partnerships between various fungus groups, relevant statutory organisations, charities, and voluntary societies. By collaborating, these entities can pool their expertise, resources, and outreach capacities to create comprehensive educational initiatives. Workshops, seminars, public talks, and online platforms can be developed to engage diverse audiences, from students and enthusiasts to policymakers and local communities. By fostering cross-sector collaboration, these initiatives can leverage collective knowledge to spotlight the significance of fungal diversity, raise awareness about the threats it faces, and inspire collective action towards restoration and conservation efforts that span from local habitats to global ecosystems.

3. Contribute to better communication between conservation and ecological restoration and field recording communities.

By creating platforms for interdisciplinary dialogue, including workshops, conferences, and online forums, field recording communities can exchange insights, data, and best practices. This collaboration enables conservationists to leverage ecological restoration techniques to enhance fungal habitats, while field recorders contribute valuable data on fungal populations and distribution. This synergy allows for a comprehensive approach where conservation efforts are informed by accurate data, ensuring that restoration actions align with the specific needs of fungal communities.

Objective 5:  Engage with fungi in a way that contributes to a regenerative culture that supports our health and well-being

By integrating mycological practices such as mycoremediation, mycoagriculture, and mycomedicinals, we tap into fungi’s potential to restore polluted and degenerated environments, enhance agricultural sustainability, and contribute to holistic health. This engagement promotes a balanced relationship with nature, emphasising the interconnectedness of all life forms. Through education and awareness, we empower individuals to incorporate fungi into their daily lives, from sustainable consumption to utilising medicinal fungi for holistic wellness.

Beyond the technicalities of designing, implementing and evaluation of the land management practices necessary for creating an example of a fungi centred eco restoration project, there are many other ways we can connect to and explore our relationship to fungi in the natural world. As well as the environmental benefits of creating the Refungium we hope to be able to show the qualities that increase health and wellbeing and the social benefits that come from the collaborative efforts of the community working together to carry out these objectives. Alongside the spaces we create for fungi we will also a make space for coming together, for healing and for celebration.

1. Nature Based Therapeutic practices

Working with nature based therapists and practitioners, workshops and activities will be shared that deal with trauma, both mental and physical, and create a space for healing and reflection that is grounded in the life forces of the woodland.

As part of this holistic approach, we will offer Nature-Based Therapeutic practices that harness the healing potential of fungi. Guided forest walks, mycotherapy sessions, and workshops on cultivating edible and medicinal mushrooms not only deepen our understanding of fungi but also provide avenues for mental, emotional, and physical rejuvenation. These immersive experiences allow individuals to reconnect with nature, cultivating mindfulness and resilience while learning about the myriad ways fungi contribute to our well-being. By engaging with fungi in this therapeutic manner, we align with the principles of resilience and regeneration, ensuring a harmonious relationship with the natural world for the well-being of generations to come.

2. Refungium as a refuge for the diverse community of interest in fungi and eco-restoration

In some ways the project provides a refuge for us humans who are dealing with the current interlocking crisis we face today. Engaging with fungi is a way to connect with the life processes and ecosystems of the earth beyond our limited time on this planet.

3. An annual Refungium Gathering

All Members are invited to the Annual Refungium Gathering, the yearly celebration of fungi and mushroom in the woodland. With talks, forays, workshops and a mushroom feast!

4. Bringing together diverse interests and actors in the UK fungal/mycological scene.

People from many different backgrounds with variety of interest and perspectives relate to fungi in different ways. But we feel there is often a common humility and reverence for the mystery of these fungal beings. This commonality can be a starting point for dialogue and understanding.