Refungium
Creating Fungal Refugia
Fungi are central to life on our planet. For example, they play a critical role in nutrient cycling by breaking down organic matter and forming symbiotic relationships with plants, such as mycorrhizal fungi that enhance water and nutrient uptake in roots. While their role in decomposition is well known, their ubiquitous biological presence is only now coming to light. Fungi form complex associations with all life on Earth. From the rainforests of the tropics to the frozen expanses of Antarctica, from the depths of the ocean to barren deserts, fungi serve the living world, stewarding biological cycles and shepherding ecological succession.
We aim to foster a greater understanding of the significance of fungi in ecosystem resilience and support the development of mycology—the study of fungi. Despite growing interest, the UK has relatively few mycologists, with estimates suggesting there are fewer than 500 practicing mycologists nationwide. We aspire to inspire a new generation of mycologists through practical engagement in eco-restoration and applied mycology.
.
In Britain, it is estimated that over 15,000 fungal species exist, many of which are severely under-recorded. With more training in mycology, increased recording efforts, and breakthroughs in DNA identification, we can achieve a clearer picture of fungal diversity and abundance. These efforts could be supported through targeted funding for research, citizen science initiatives to increase data collection, and the development of accessible training programs for enthusiasts and professionals alike.
Woodlands host the most diverse fungal assemblages. Unfortunately, the UK has one of the lowest woodland cover percentages in Europe. Environmental pollution, economic pressures on land use, and the ecological disruptions caused by climate change threaten fungal diversity. For instance, studies have shown that air pollutants like nitrogen deposition can significantly reduce fungal diversity in woodlands, while land conversion to agriculture has led to the loss of critical fungal habitats. Alarmingly, only 56 fungal species have been evaluated by the IUCN Red List, compared to 25,452 plant species and 68,054 animal species. Considering that fungi species are estimated to number between 2.2 and 3.8 million globally, of which only around 150,000 have been identified, the need for conservation is urgent.
Habitat destruction, climate change, and environmental degradation are contributing to an ongoing mass extinction event. We are causing a biodiversity crisis through our lifestyles and ignorance of our interconnectedness with all living beings. For example, scientists estimate that species are disappearing at a rate 1,000 to 10,000 times higher than the natural extinction rate, highlighting the devastating impact of human activity on global biodiversity. To mitigate this, we must create refugia—havens for biological preservation—while taking broader action to prevent further ecological catastrophe.
At Coed Talylan, we aim to establish a 30-acre semi-natural woodland as a “living fungarium,” hosting one of the highest concentrations of fungal diversity in the UK. We are developing a long-term management plan prioritising fungal biodiversity to conserve and restore habitats for the intricate plant, animal, and fungal interactions that sustain a healthy, biodiverse ecosystem.
This fungal refugium serves as a practical eco-restoration and action research project, uniting a diverse and growing community of fungi enthusiasts while inspiring the next generation of pioneering mycologists. Building this key woodland habitat offers a unique opportunity to reconnect with the natural world through fungi. We hope that this shared practice will foster connections among people as we collaborate with fungi to build a better world together.
If this idea inspires you, please join us on this journey. No matter your background, skills, or experience, the Refungium offers an opportunity for everyone to learn from fungi and each other. Follow the link below to find out how you can get involved.
Refungium: Get Involved